| Anaerobiosis of Bacillus subtilis
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A gram-positive soil bacterium, B. subtilis is highly amenable to genetic analysis and has been used as a model system to study fundamental … |
| Analysis of Ethanol in Urban Air
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| Biogeochemical Processes at Sediment-Water Interfaces (SWI)
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The overall goal of this project is to advance our quantitative understanding of the fate and bioavailability of chemical elements in estuaries by … |
| Cascadia Subduction Zone Tsunamis
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Geological records show that large tsunamis are locally generated in the Cascadia Subduction Zone (CSZ) every 200 to 600 years. The last large … |
| Chemistry of Copper-Containing Enzymes
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Increasing numbers of important enzymes are known to contain copper at their active sites. Of particular interest are enzymes involved in biogenic … |
| Coastal-Margin Observation and Prediction System (CORIE)
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Since 1996, we have been developing CORIE, an observation and prediction system for the Columbia River ecosystem. The motivation is twofold. First, … |
| Development of Experimental Methods for Trace Gas Measurements
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At present, some 50 atmospheric gases can be measured at the Trace Gas Laboratory. Still, new methods are needed to improve the accuracy and … |
| Development of Health-Based Screening Level (HBSL) Values
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To help meet the U.S. Geological Survey's (USGS) need to communicate its water-quality findings in a human-health context, Health-Based Screening … |
| Distribution of Organic Compounds Between the Gas and Particulate Phases in Air Contaminated with Environmental Tobacco Smoke (ETS)
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Toxic compounds present in ETS (e.g., the polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons [PAHs]) are distributed between the gas and aerosol particulate phases. … |
| Distribution of Organic Compounds Between the Gas and Urban Aerosol Particulate Phases
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The behavior of organic compounds in the atmosphere depends in large part on the extent to which they partition from the gas phase to aerosol … |
| Earth/Atmosphere Partitioning of Anthropogenic Organochlorine Compounds
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Field data collected over the last decade by various researchers indicate there is a temperature-driven partitioning of organochlorine compounds … |
| Earth/Atmosphere Partitioning of Anthropogenic Organochlorine Compounds
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Field data collected over the last decade by various researchers indicate there is a temperature-driven partitioning of organochlorine compounds … |
| Electronic Spectroscopy of Biological Metal Complexes
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Electronic spectroscopy extends structural studies of biomolecules beyond the atomic resolution of X-ray crystallography to a level of structural … |
| Environmental and Biomedical Applications of Iron Nanoparticles (nZVI)
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Nanoparticles of iron and iron oxide have diverse applications ranging from groundwater remediation to biomedical diagnosis. Our studies in this … |
| Environmental Fate and Remediation of Fuel Oxygenates (MTBE)
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The recent realization that oxygenated fuel additives such as MTBE are becoming widely distributed groundwater contaminants has created a sudden … |
| Flavohemoglobin (Hmp)
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Flavohemoglobin is a ubiquitous protein present in organisms ranging from Escherichia coli to Saccharomyces cerevisiae . The N-terminal part of the … |
| Gas-Phase Transport in Unsaturated Porous Media
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Gas-phase transport is important in controlling many subsurface processes including respiration, pesticide behavior, and contaminant volatilization … |
| Global Distributions and Mass Balances of Halocarbons, Nitrous Oxide, and Other Trace Gases
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Gases such as CCl3F (F-11), CCl2F2 (F-12) CHClF2 (F-22), CF4 (F-14), C2Cl3F3 (F-113), CH3CCl3, CH3Cl and N2O are being added to the atmosphere by … |
| Heme Oxygenase
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Heme oxygenase is a fascinating system that uses the O2-binding affinity of its heme substrate in the cellular degradation of heme to open-chain … |
| Human-Health Implications of Chemical Contaminants in Water Resources
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A collaborative effort is underway with the U.S. Geological Survey (USGS) to communicate the significance of the water-quality findings of its … |
| Internal Circulation in Tidal Channels and Straits
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This project, funded by the Office of Naval Research, seeks to use wavelet data analysis techniques and novel modeling strategies to improve our … |
| Manganese Metalloenzymes
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Manganese is an essential element for life, forming the active site for a large number of metalloenzymes catalyzing hydrolytic or redox reactions, … |
| Measurement of Sesquiterpene Plant Organic Volatiles
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| Mechanisms of Chemosensory Responses in Elephants and Sharks
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Photo: Temporal sampling Chemical communication plays a significant role in life strategies for elephants. Our research focuses on chemical … |
| Methane and Nitrous Oxide Emissions from Rice Fields
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Methane concentrations have nearly tripled compared to the natural atmosphere of 300 years ago (based on ice core analyses). The increase of rice … |
| Modeling in coastal oceanography
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Many processes of interest in coastal oceanography are challenging to simulate. Particular difficulties exist when simulations are required near … |
| Northwest Association of Ocean Observing Systems (NANOOS)
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The U.S. Integrated Ocean Observing Systems (IOOS) is an emerging national infrastructure that seeks to meet society's need for observing, … |
| Ocean Survival of Salmonids
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We are initiating an integrated observational/ modeling study of the physical variability of the Columbia River plume and estuary, to provide … |
| Oxygen Activation by Iron Proteins
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Several diiron enzymes react with molecular oxygen to form powerful oxidizing agents important in biology. Examples include (i) ribonucleotide … |
| Oxygen Intermediates of Dinuclear Iron Enzymes
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Several diiron enzymes react with molecular oxygen to form powerful oxidizing agents important in biology. Examples include (i) ribonucleotide … |
| Peptide Antibiotic Biosynthesis
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Our research is aimed at understanding the mechanism of antimicrobial peptide biosynthesis. Peptide antibiotics are synthesized either by the … |
| Prioritization of Nationally Important Compounds for Future Monitoring
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The chemical industry produces thousands of organic compounds that are in widespread use across the Nation. It is critically important that organic … |
| Processes Controlling the Subsurface Transport of Dense Chlorinated Solvents
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The uncontrolled release of chlorinated solvents is a common cause of serious groundwater contamination in many parts of the world. It is in this … |
| Prokaryotic Signal Transduction/Gene Regulation
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Bacteria can respond in variety of ways to a growth-restricting environment. Prolonged exposure to a nutritionally poor environment results in the … |
| Radical Copper Oxidases
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Radical copper oxidases are a new class of redox metalloenzymes (including the fungal enzymes galactose oxidase and glyoxal oxidase) containing a … |
| Regulation of Long Chain Fatty Acid Transport and Oxidation in Mammalian Heart and Liver
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The rate-limiting step in beta-oxidation is the conversion of long-chain acyl-CoA to acylcarnitine, a reaction catalyzed by the outer mitochondrial … |
| Remediation of Groundwater Contaminants by In Situ Chemical Oxidation (ISCO)
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Assessing the feasibility of in situ chemical oxidation (ISCO) using permanganate or Fenton reagent requires accurate kinetic data for oxidation of … |
| Remediation of Groundwater Contaminants with Zero-Valent Iron (ZVI)
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There is enormous demand for improved ways to clean up aquifers that have been contaminated with halogenated hydrocarbon solvents like carbon … |
| ResD-ResE Two-Component Signal Transduction System
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Bacteria often encounter sudden environmental changes. Cells cope with such changes by an elaborate network of adaptive responses. The … |
| River Influences on Shelf Ecosystems (RISE)
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RISE is a 5-year interdisciplinary study of the Columbia River plume, funded by the Coastal Ocean Program of the National Science Foundation. The … |
| Simulation of Subsurface Processes Using Very Large Scale Experimental Aquifers (LEAP)
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Many important chemical, physical, and biological processes are difficult to study in the laboratory because of problems of scaling. Many of these … |
| Spectroscopy of Copper Proteins
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Spectroscopic techniques are used to probe the structures of the copper sites in the native proteins and their complexes with substrates and … |
| Studies of Past Atmospheres
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Atmospheric gases such as N2O, CO2, CO, CH3Cl, carbonyl sulfide (OCS), and CH4 are primarily produced by natural processes, but over the past … |
| The Neurospora Genome
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We are part of a team that is sequencing and annotating the genome of Neurospora crassa (see www-genome.wi.mit.edu/annotation/fungi/neurospora/ ), … |
| Translational and Transcriptional Control in Neurospora crassa
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A greater understanding of many human health issues relies on increased knowledge of how cells express genetic information. Gene expression can be … |
| Translational Control of Human Proto-Oncogenes
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The transcripts specified by many genes involved in human cancers contain uORFs; these include the her-2 and bcl-2 proto-oncogenes. Using methods … |
| Two Physiological Roles of Nitrate and Nitrite Reductases
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Nitrate and nitrite reductases have two roles in metabolism of B. subtilis : assimilation of nitrate/ nitrite and anaerobic respiration. Two … |
| Vibrational Spectroscopy of Metalloprotein Active Sites
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Many spectroscopic methods are available for the investigation of structural and functional properties of metal ions in enzymes and proteins. We … |
